Citing Sources
All sources should be cited in a bibliography or reference list and in the body of the text of a research paper. Citations give credit to the the author as well as enable other researchers (or your instructor) to locate the cited item. See Plagiarism and Academic Integrity for more information about what to cite and why.
The links below are meant as a guide in creating your reference list or bibliography. For definitive guidance on how to cite your sources you should consult the print manual or the organization's on-line guide.
From Binghamton University Libraries:
- Guide to Citing American Psychological Association (APA) Style
- Guide to Citing Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
- Guide to Chicago Style
For the most complete information on how to cite sources, consult the print manuals, generally available at the Reference Desks or in the Reference Collections of the Bartle, Science or University Downtown Center (UDC) Libraries:
- MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th edition (PE 1478 .M57 2003)
- MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, (PN 147 .N28 1998)
- Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th edition (BF 76.7 .P83 2001)
- APA Style Guide to Electronic References (update to the 5th edition) (BF 76.7 .P832 2007)
- Chicago Style Manual (Z 253 .C57 2003). The Chicago Style Manual is also available online.
Online Style Generators :
- Citation Machine - It is recommended that you double check the citations to ensure they are correct.
| Other Style and Writing Guides | Book | |
|---|---|---|
| Unless noted, the online guides are not complete or official. For the complete guide, refer to the official style manual. | ||
| APA | Binghamton University | Purdue University OWL | Diane Hacker | UW@ Madison Writing Center |
see above |
| MLA | Binghamton University | Purdue University OWL | Diane Hacker | UW@ Madison Writing Center |
see above |
| American Anthropological Association (AAA) | AAA (identical to guidelines published in American Anthropologist) | GN 33 .G8 |
| American Chemical Society (ACS) | UW@Madison Chemistry Library | SCI REF QD 8.5 .A25 |
| American Institute of Physics (AIP) | AIP (4th edition; official manual) | SCI REF QC 28 .A5 |
| American Medical Association (AMA) | University of Washington | Ithaca College Library | SCI REF R 119 .A533 |
| American Political Science Association Style (APSA) | UW@ Madison Writing Center | JA 86 .A52 1996 |
| American Sociological Association (ASA) | Buffalo State Library | Purdue OWL | REF HM 73.A54 1997 |
| Chicago Manual of Style | Binghamton University | Ohio State Libraries | UW@Madison Writing Center |
see above or go to official CMS guide |
| Council of Biology Editors (CBE) | Ohio State Libraries | Diane Hacker | UW@Madison Writing Center | SCI REF QH 304 .C33 |
| Government Documents, Complete Guide to Citing | MAIN REF J 9.5 .G37 1993 | |
| Hacker, Diana. Style Manual. | Research and documentation on-line (by Diane Hacker) | MAIN REF PE 1408 .H26 2004 |
| Life Science Journals (Authors Handbook for.) | SCI REF R 119 .A85 | |
| Turabian | REF LB 2369 .T8 1996 |
|
For other style guides, do a keyword search for style manual in InfoLINK. |
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| The following style guides deal with electronic sources only. | ||
|---|---|---|
Columbia Guide to Online Style |
Citing electronic documents, creating documents electronically for print publication and formatting documents for online publication. |
MAIN REF PN 171 .F56 W35 1998 |
| Electronic Styles: A Handbook for Citing Electronic Information | Contains examples of citation in both MLA and APA styles. | REF PN 148 .M57 1998 |
| Census Bureau. Suggested Citation Styles. | Provides suggestion on how to cite electronic information, including dynamic tables and FTP files. | |
| Library of Congress. Citing Electronic Sources. | Gives MLA and Turabian-style examples for films, legal documents, maps, photographs, recorded sounds, special presentations, and texts found online. | |